Teori Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Sekolah Dasar
Belajar adalah proses yang dilakukan oleh manusia untuk mendapatkan aneka ragam kompetensi, keterampilan, dan sikap (Gredler, 1986). Berdasarkan Gredler dapat diketahui bahwa kegiatan belajar dapat meningkatkan tiga aspek di dalam diri manusia yaitu kompetensi (kognitif), keterampilan (psikomotor), dan sikap (afektif).
Di dalam kegiatan belajar bahasa tujuan dari kegiatan belajar yang hendak dicapai di antaranya adalah menigkatkan kemampuan berbahasa dan berkomunikasi. Kedua kemampuan tersebut memiliki ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotornya masing-masing. Tujuan atau kompetensi tersebut dapat dicapai dengan beberapa pendekatan di dalam belajar bahasa. Beberapa pendekatan yang telah digunakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang pernah digunakan di antaranya adalah
- Pandangan Whole language
- Pandangan Konstruktivisme
- Inkuiri
- Pandangan Komunikatif
- Pandangan Tematis-Integratif
- Keterampilan Proses
- Pendekatan berbasis genre
Beberapa pendekatan tersebut merupakan pendekatan pembelajaran bahasa yang pernah digunakan di dalam kurikulum yang pernah diterapkan di Indonesia. Setiap pendekatan memiliki kekhasan masing-masing. Dalam penerapannya tentu terdapat kelebihan dan kekurangan dari setiap pendekatan di dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Berikut beberapa panduan
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